Fibroblasts are the main connective tissue cells. One of the important functions of fibroblasts is the synthesis and hemostatic balance of the Extra cellular matrix (ECM) in tissues and organs. Laser therapy (LT) applications have been used for many years in the field of dentistry and oral surgery for the treatment of pain relief and wound healing.
The term laser therapy refers to atopic phototherapy released from light sources that emit a low amount of energy. When light hits a living cell, it leaves a small amount of energy in that cell. The basic principle of LT is based on the biostimulation or biomodulation effect.
For this study, 6 plates with 96 wells each were used, and the cell culture was prepared by dividing it in each of the 6 fibroblast plates. For the laser applications, a free-running, pulsed-wave neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (wavelength of 1064 nm under air cooling) with a phototherapy probe was used. The nonirradiated control cells were subjected to room light for the same period and maintained outside the incubator under the same conditions as the laser-irradiated cells.
Generally, cell proliferation rates were higher in the 0.5 W and 1 W LT groups than in the control. When the proliferation rates in the test and control groups were compared in terms of the laser irradiation power level, the most proliferation was observed in cells treated. The use of LT in wound healing has been shown to be effective in modulating local and systemic responses
However, in studies supporting the hypothesis that LT may accelerate wound healing, depending on the wavelength, dose, and local conditions in the soft tissues. It is possible that the effects on wound healing are not only dependent on the total irradiation dose but also on the irradiation time and mode. The most mentioned mechanism for increasing laser wound healing is the effect of laser irradiation on intracellular metabolism and collagen production by fibroblasts.
A series of studies by Hawkins et al. demonstrate the positive effects LT had on human skin fibroblasts. In their study series, they evaluated the effect of a diode laser at different wavelengths and doses on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts.
Laser therapy has been reported to increase ATP, accelerate mitosis, improve tissue repair, stimulate bone repair, normalize collagen and elastic fibril accumulation in tissue repair, stabilize fibroblast production, increase peripheral blood flow, and improve anti-inflammatory activity.
The conclusion of this study showed that LT increased fibroblast cell proliferation, depending on the power output level of the laser and number of applications.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of laser therapy that could increase wound healing on fibroblast cells in vitro.
Authors: Nihal Kara and coll.
Newspaper Wounds. 2020 Mar;32(3):69-73
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32163042/#:~:text=The%20highest%20proliferation%20value%20was,laser%20and%20number%20of%20applications.